What Is Gum (Periodontal) Disease?

Periodontal (gum) diseases are chronic infections of the tissues which surround and support the teeth. Not only can these diseases lead to tooth loss, but there is increasing evidence that they can also affect your general health.

Periodontal disease begins with an accumulation of dental plaque, which is a collection of bacteria that constantly form around your teeth. Plaque is a soft, sticky film which can be easily removed with a toothbrush and dental floss (remember that a toothbrush doesn't reach in between the teeth). If plaque is left on the teeth, it mineralizes to form a hard deposit (tartar).

The early form of the disease is called gingivitis and the signs of this disease can be quite subtle. They include swelling, redness and bleeding of the gums. The treatment for gingivitis is usually a thorough cleaning of the teeth at the dentist's office. If left untreated, gingivitis can often progress to periodontitis. This is a more severe form of the disease in which bacteria and the body's own immune system attack the ligaments and bone that hold teeth in place. If periodontitis is not treated, it will lead to bone loss and loss of teeth.

There are many factors which an affect a person's susceptibility to periodontal disease, including genetics, smoking, diabetes and hormonal changes associated with puberty or pregnancy. Certain medications can also affect your gum tissues.

For further information about periodontal disease, you can go to the American Academy of Periodontology website. There is even a quiz to help you assess your risk for periodontal disease. Of course if you have any doubts, it is best to see your dentist or a periodontist.